Shoulder instability occurs when the shoulder joint becomes too loose, leading to frequent dislocations or subluxations. This condition can result from traumatic injuries, such as falls or sports-related accidents, or from repetitive motions that weaken the joint structures over time. It often causes significant pain and limits mobility, affecting daily activities. While non-surgical treatments like physical therapy and medication are the first approach, surgery may be necessary if these methods fail to provide relief.

Understanding Shoulder Instability

The shoulder joint has a wide range of motion, making it highly functional but also prone to instability. When the supporting structures, such as the labrum and ligaments, fail to keep the humeral head securely in the shoulder socket, instability occurs. There are two types:

• Traumatic instability – Caused by sudden injuries leading to dislocation or partial dislocation.
• Atraumatic instability – Develops over time due to repetitive use, particularly in athletes like swimmers and pitchers.

When Surgery Becomes Necessary

Surgical intervention is considered for individuals experiencing recurrent dislocations, significant joint damage, or when non-surgical methods fail to restore stability. The decision depends on factors such as severity, age, activity level, and overall health.

Surgical Options for Shoulder Instability

      1. Bankart Repair

When a dislocation tears the labrum, Bankart repair is performed to reattach it using sutures or anchors. This procedure is commonly done arthroscopically, leading to smaller incisions and faster recovery. A sling is worn for a few weeks, followed by physical therapy. Return to sports takes around 4-6 months.

     2. Latarjet Procedure

For patients with bone loss in the glenoid socket, this procedure transfers a small bone fragment to the shoulder socket, improving stability. Recovery longer than Bankart repair, with return to full activity in 6-9 months.

     3. Remplissage Procedure

This procedure addresses Hill-Sachs lesions by attaching soft tissue to the damaged bone, preventing further instability. Recovery similar to Bankart repair, with most returning to sports in 4-6 months.

     4. Rotator Cuff Repair

If the rotator cuff is damaged alongside shoulder instability, it may require surgical repair to restore function. Recovery can take up to a year, depending on the severity of the tear and rehabilitation progress.

Surgical options provide lasting relief and stability, allowing individuals to regain mobility and return to an active lifestyle. Seeking expert guidance ensures the best approach for long-term shoulder health.