Children are full of energy and curiosity, but their developing bodies may face orthopedic challenges. Pediatric orthopedics focuses on treating musculoskeletal issues in children, ensuring they can play and grow without limitations. Let us explore common conditions, their causes, symptoms, and treatments.

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)

DDH occurs when the hip joint fails to develop properly, leading to instability or dislocation. It can be present at birth or develop in early infancy.

• Causes: Genetics, breech birth, and being the firstborn female increase risk.
• Symptoms: Asymmetrical thigh folds, limited hip movement, and clicking sounds.
• Treatment: Mild cases may require a Pavlik harness, while severe cases need surgery or casting.

Scoliosis

Scoliosis is a curvature of the spine that often develops before puberty.

• Causes: Most cases are idiopathic, with genetic factors playing a role.
• Symptoms: Uneven shoulders, hips, and a visible curved spine.
• Treatment: Mild cases are monitored, while severe cases may require bracing or surgery.

Clubfoot

Clubfoot is a congenital condition where a child’s foot twists out of shape.

• Causes: Genetic factors and environmental influences may contribute.
• Symptoms: The foot turns inward and downward, and the calf muscles may be underdeveloped.
• Treatment: Treatment involves casting, manipulation, and sometimes surgery.

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

Common in adolescents, this condition causes knee pain due to stress on the growth plate.

• Causes: Repetitive physical activity, such as running or jumping.
• Symptoms: Pain and swelling below the kneecap.
• Treatment: Rest, ice, anti-inflammatory medications, and sometimes physical therapy.

Sever’s Disease

A similar condition to Osgood-Schlatter, but it affects the heel.

• Causes: Rapid growth during puberty and high-impact sports.
• Symptoms: Heel pain, especially after physical activity.
• Treatment: Rest, ice, anti-inflammatory medications, and supportive footwear.

Timely diagnosis and treatment of pediatric orthopedic conditions can help children lead active, healthy lives. Early intervention and collaboration with specialists are key to addressing these conditions effectively.