Osgood-Schlatter disease is a common overuse injury that typically affects adolescents involved in sports like soccer, basketball, and gymnastics. It occurs due to stress on the patellar tendon where it attaches to the tibial tuberosity, just below the knee. This stress leads to inflammation, pain, and sometimes swelling in the area.
Causes of Osgood-Schlatter Disease
The condition is mainly caused by repetitive stress during growth spurts, where bones grow faster than muscles and tendons. High-impact sports that involve running, jumping, or quick changes in direction can aggravate the patellar tendon. Tight quadriceps, poor body alignment, and muscle imbalances also increase the risk of developing symptoms.
Signs and Symptoms
Osgood-Schlatter disease usually presents with pain and swelling below the kneecap, especially after physical activity. The pain may be sharp during movement and dull at rest. A noticeable bony bump at the shinbone is common, and it may be tender to touch. Tightness in the surrounding muscles, particularly the quadriceps and hamstrings, can worsen discomfort. Activities like squatting, kneeling, or running often increase the pain.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on the patient’s history and a physical examination. Tenderness at the tibial tuberosity is a key sign. In some cases, X-rays may be used to confirm the condition or rule out other issues.
Treatment and Physiotherapy
Most cases respond well to conservative treatments. Rest and ice application help reduce inflammation. Patellar straps or taping can relieve pressure on the tendon. Activity modification, including limiting sports participation, is crucial during recovery.
Physiotherapy includes TENS, ultrasound, interferential current therapy, and cold laser therapy for pain relief. Stretching and strengthening exercises for the quadriceps, hamstrings, and hips are essential. Manual therapy may be used to improve flexibility. A gradual return to sports is encouraged once symptoms improve, supported by proper footwear or orthotic insoles.
Osgood-Schlatter disease usually resolves with time, especially after growth is complete. Early management and physiotherapy help speed recovery and prevent recurrence.
