Mallet toe is a foot deformity that affects the joint near the tip of the toe, causing it to bend downward instead of remaining flat. This condition primarily affects the second toe but can occur in any of the smaller toes. If detected early, mallet toe can often be managed with simple treatments, preventing the need for surgery.

Causes of Mallet Toe

Mallet toe typically develops due to an imbalance in the muscles, tendons, or ligaments that help keep the toe straight. Several factors can contribute to this condition, including:

• Poorly Fitting Shoes – Tight or narrow footwear can force toes into an unnatural position.
• Foot Structure – Some individuals are more prone to mallet toe due to their natural foot shape.
• Injury or Trauma – A past injury to the toe may lead to joint deformity.
• Underlying Health Conditions – Conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, or neuromuscular disorders can increase the risk.

Certain factors also raise the likelihood of developing mallet toe:

• Age – The risk increases with age.
• Gender – Women are more likely to develop this condition than men.
• Toe Length – Those with a second toe longer than the big toe have a higher chance of developing mallet toe.

Symptoms of Mallet Toe

The most noticeable symptom is a downward bend in the joint at the tip of the toe. Over time, other symptoms may develop, including:

• Calluses, corns, or blisters caused by friction with footwear
• Pain and discomfort, especially when walking
• Swelling in the affected toe

Treatment Options for Mallet Toe

The treatment approach depends on the severity of the condition. In many cases, non-surgical treatments can help manage symptoms and improve toe alignment. These include:

• Wearing shoes with a wider toe box to reduce pressure
• Using toe splints or orthotics to maintain proper alignment
• Taking over-the-counter pain relievers to ease discomfort
• Performing stretching exercises to strengthen toe muscles
• Avoiding footwear that forces toes into a bent position

Surgical Treatment for Mallet Toe

In cases where the condition is severe or causes significant pain, surgery may be required. Several surgical procedures are available, including:

• Arthroplasty – Removing part of the affected bone to realign the toe
• Tendon Release – Cutting a tight tendon to allow the toe to straighten
• Tendon Transfer – Moving the tendon to another part of the foot to restore balance
• Joint Fusion – Using screws or wires to hold the toe in a fixed position

Recovery from Surgery

Following surgery, patients may need to wear a protective boot or use crutches. It is essential to keep weight off the foot, elevate it to reduce swelling, and follow post-surgical exercises to regain mobility. Full recovery can take several weeks, with swelling possibly lasting for months.

Early intervention and proper care can help prevent complications and ensure better mobility in the long run.