Cubital tunnel syndrome is a condition that arises when the ulnar nerve becomes compressed or irritated. This nerve travels from your neck down to your fingers, passing through a passage on the inner side of the elbow known as the cubital tunnel, which is formed by muscle, ligament, and bone. When the ulnar nerve is affected here, it can cause a sensation strikingly similar to hitting your “funny bone”—because the “funny bone” is, in fact, the ulnar nerve.

Triggers

Several factors can lead to the inflammation and swelling of the ulnar nerve within the cubital tunnel. Frequent or repetitive elbow bending, such as when pulling, reaching, or lifting, is a common cause. Consistently leaning on the elbow, especially on hard surfaces, or sustaining a direct injury to the area can also provoke the syndrome. Additionally, pre-existing conditions like arthritis, the presence of bone spurs, or a history of elbow fractures or dislocations can contribute to its development. In some instances, however, a specific cause cannot be identified.

Symptoms

The primary symptoms involve sensations in the hand and fingers. Individuals often experience numbness and tingling, particularly in the ring and little fingers, which may worsen when the elbow is bent or during the night. Other common complaints include pain in the hand, a weakened grip leading to clumsiness, and an aching pain specifically on the inside of the elbow.

Diagnoses

A nerve conduction study can measure the speed of signals along the ulnar nerve to detect any compression. An electromyogram (EMG) evaluates nerve and muscle function, particularly in the forearm muscles controlled by the ulnar nerve. X-rays might also be taken to examine the bones of the elbow for issues like arthritis or bone spurs.

Treatment and Prevention

The most effective initial step in treating cubital tunnel syndrome is to avoid activities that aggravate the condition, especially those involving prolonged or repetitive elbow bending. Treatment strategies often include resting the elbow, wearing a splint or foam brace at night to limit movement, and using an elbow pad for protection. Anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen can help manage pain and swelling, and nerve gliding exercises may be recommended. If these conservative measures don’t alleviate the symptoms, surgical options might be considered.